This article discusses two important reforms of Benazir Bhutto, the women empowerment and rural electrification’ during her rule in the 1990s. Women empowerment Impact The term ’empowerment’ refers to increased access to opportunities, resources, and abilities to make independent decisions/choices in individual and collective life. Benazir Bhutto took steps for women empowerment i.e. It was…
Indo-Pakistan war of 1971 had resulted in the dismemberment of Pakistan and the emergence of Bangladesh. India had taken around 90,000 Pakistani troops as prisoners of war to India after their surrender in East Pakistan on December 16, 1971. Moreover, India had occupied huge tracks of Pakistani territory along its border with West Pakistan. After…
This article is air transport of Pakistan. It discusses important aspects of air transport e.g. private and public sector airlines, domestic and international destinations, service delivery both in terms of passenger traffic and cargo operation, etc. Air Transport The term ‘Air transport’ refers to all such man-made devices and structures that are used for the…
This post describes the location and salient features of the seaports of Pakistan i.e. Gawadar, Karachi, and Bin Qasim Port. What does the term ‘Water Transport’ refer to? The term “water transport” refers to structures and devices such as ships, boats, submarines, etc. which run on water and help in travel and carriage of goods….
The railway is an important mode of transport the world over. Efficient rail transport plays an important role in the provision of passenger and freight traffic and the enhancement of the national economy. This article discusses rail transport with reference to Pakistan Railways. What is rail transport? The term ‘Rail transport’ refers to the vehicles…
This article is about the road transport system in Pakistan. Road network and its area-wise distribution will be discussed along with principal roads of Pakistan i.e. Highways, Expressways, Motorways, etc. The concept ‘Road Transport’ The term ‘road transport’ refers to means of transport running on roads which we use for travel and carriage of goods…
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto ruled Pakistan as Prime Minister from 1972 -1977. During five years of his rule, Bhutto introduced nationalization and land reforms in Pakistan. This article discusses Bhutto’s reforms, their purpose, and their impact on the economy of Pakistan. The concept ‘Nationalization’ Nationalization refers to bring private sector companies under governmental control. The purpose…
The separation of East Pakistan took place in 1971 after two decades of independence. I have already discussed reasons for the disintegration of Pakistan i.e. unfairness in the representation at the center, unfair distribution of wealth, denial of due participation in the administration, exclusion of East Pakistanis in armed forces. In this article, I will…
This article discusses Ayub Khan’s reforms that he introduced during his 10 years long rule in Pakistan. Background Ayub Khan came to power as a result of the abrogation of the 1956 constitution on 7th October 1958. President Iskandar had invited General Ayub Khan, the army chief, to take charge after he abrogated 1956 constitution….
Different factors influence and shape the relations of a country with other states. Such factors are called determinants of foreign policy. They include both internal considerations as well as the policies of other nations and non-state actors in the international political system. I have already discussed what is foreign policy and its importance. In this…
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