The state resorted to torture when students in Punjab protested this week for the administration of online examinations. Scores of protesting students were arrested with First Investigation Reports (FIRs) reportedly registered against them. These vicious acts of coercion and crackdown on students emphasize one thing – the revival of the student union. The demand and…
This post evaluates cultural development in lifting the standard of life of communities. At the end of this post, you can also view a PowerPoint presentation related to the scope of culture in societal development. What does it mean by the scope of culture? The dictionary meaning of the word ‘scope’ is the range of…
This post makes a critique of the Devolution of Power Plan 2001 that the Pervez Musharaf regime introduced in Pakistan in 2001. For more support, the post also provides a link for a PowerPoint presentation relevant to the topic at its end. 1. Structure of Devolution of Power Plan 2001 The Devolution of Power Plan…
Asghar Dashti The number of part-time teachers has increased in colleges and universities ever since the establishment of Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. The notions of the corporate system in education, i.e. adjunct professor and per lecture wage have become so much common that the teachers have taken the shape of contractual laborers. This…
This post presents an analysis and critique of the Local Bodies System introduced in 1979 by the military ruler General Zia ul Haq. You can also view a related PowerPoint Presentation from a link given at the end of this post. Structure of the Local Bodies 1979 The military ruler General Zia-ul-Haq introduced a local…
This article analyzes and critiques, the Basic Democracies System 1959, the local government system introduced by the military ruler, General Ayub Khan in Pakistan. The article also gives a link to PowerPoint presentation slides at its end with the aim to provide extra support. Structure of the Basic Democracies System 1959 Basic Democracies 1959 was…
This article discusses the concept of ‘culture’, its aspects, and components to serve the learning needs of secondary and higher secondary level students and teachers alike. You can also view a multi-media presentation on the topic at the end to reinforce your learning. What is culture? To define narrowly, the term culture refers to the…
This article discusses the concepts of cultural diversity and pluralism and their role in the enrichment of society in the context of Pakistan. Once you have read this article, you would also visit the Powerpoint Presentation related to the role of diversity and Pluralism in the enrichment of society. The link for PPt is at…
This article defines the term ‘art’ and discusses its importance in society with help of real-life examples. What is art? The question ‘What is art?‘ is a very contested topic as different scholars define it differently. In a general sense, the term ‘art’ can be defined as, “a communication of thoughts, observations, and feelings in…
The classroom achievement test is an important assessment tool used in education. Scores achieved in these tests are used to make decisions to improve classroom instruction. The scores will not help make valid judgments on student learning if the test is not valid. Hence, to improve the validity of student performance evaluation, test developers and…